The Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector was a turboprop aircraft designed for regional services, and could carry up to 19 passengers. The plane was developed by a consortium between the Brazilian company Embraer and the Argentine Military Aircraft Factory (at that time, a state industry), which is why the acronym "CBA" was incorporated into its name, which means "Brazilian Cooperation." Argentina". The aircraft was one of the most modern turboprops of its time, including technological innovations in avionics, aerodynamics and propulsion.
In 1985, the economic integration of South America seemed to advance with the good progress of the negotiations for the formation of Mercosur between the Brazilian and Argentine governments. In 1986 and as a means to strengthen cooperation between both countries, the proposal for joint development of an aircraft between Embraer and FMA arose.
The costs and workload would be distributed between Embraer and FMA in a 2:1 ratio. The design included high-tech components: leading thrust engines (with the propellers "backwards", as opposed to classic engines, which generate an air current that "pulls" the aircraft), supercritical profile wings, engine control FADEC and EICAS and EFIS avionics systems. The name "Vector" was chosen in an international competition from more than 6,000 proposals.
The first prototype of the Vector first flew on July 18, 1990 without problems. The official presentation, which took place on July 30, 1990, was attended by the then presidents of Brazil, Fernando Collor de Mello, and Argentina's Carlos Saul Menem.
Unfortunately for Embraer and FMA, the high technology that should have ensured the success of the CBA 123 was the reason for its failure and withdrawal. The final cost of the device, 5 million US dollars, was too high to be assumed by the general market. Added to this problem was the difficulty for the Brazilian government to continue investing money due to the political crisis resulting from the impeachment process of Fernando Collor de Mello.
The CBA 123 Vector project, which cost US$300 million, was canceled with only two prototypes built. The third prototype has been stored in Argentina with an 80% degree of progress. Despite the failure, the project meant for Embraer to reach maturity in its work with high technology, which would lead to the development of the successful series of Embraer 145 reactors.
For its part, Argentina had made the political decision to cancel the pre-existing IA 68 ATL project, to begin the development of the IA 70 in conjunction with Brazil. The IA 68 was being developed in collaboration with Dornier (with whom it had developed the IA 63 Pampa) and was in an advanced state of development. The cancellation of both the IA 68 and the IA 70 / CBA 123 was a serious blow to the Argentine aeronautical industry.