Virendra
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Let me provide some points from "history", and then you can decide if he is still a gem to have suddenly erupted in a lineage full of homosexuals, drug addicts, womanizing, fratricidal and head-tower raising lunatics.Hahah, so what my list...
your comment proved your hatred towards a specific community, which is wrong, don't know why ur so angry on this thing?
even if a person is muslim and is proven indian or even worked for india's unity he is my man.
Akbar was different and better than other mughal kings, so he is on list, its history please consult foreign books too if u don't agree with education/history in india, which is way better than those of few close by nations.
Also don't forget, they were just kings and kings can never be that good..
don't forget many Muslim indian leaders, scientists etc..
1. Proceedings of Indian History Congress, New Delhi, 1972, FatehNama-i-Chittor dispatched by Akbar after winning Chittor.
Translated and annotated by Ishtiaq Ahmed Zilli, pp. 350-61.
'"Praise be to Allah who made good His promise, helped His servant, honoured His soldiers, defeated the confederates all alone, and after whom there is nothing."128 All Praise and thanksgiving behoves that great Opener (fattah) of forts and kingdoms, in whose grasp are the keys of the conquests of the just and religious Sultans, and with whose patent of favour and authority are decorated the manshurs of the Khilafat and sovereignty of the victorious emperors. The Merciful one (Karim) whose omnipotence has ensured the victory of the believers through the promise: "to help believers is incumbent upon us,"129 the Omnipotent one who enjoined the task of destroying the wicked infidels on the dutiful mujahids through the blows of their thunder-like scimitars laid down: "Fight them! Allah will chastise them at your hands and He will lay them low and give you victory over them."130"Glorified is He, and High Exalted from what they say,"131 "His sovereignty is not dependent on any friend and helper."
'Whereas the Sovereign one, universal be His bounty and exalted His glory, has, in conformity with "I am to appoint thee a leader of the mankind",132 assigned to us government of the mumalik of Hindustan which is one of the biggest countries of the world, and the Munshi of the office (diwan khana) of munificence and the Supreme Sovereign has adorned the radiant mandate (manshur) of our Khilafat and monarchy with the Parwana "Surely we established him in the land"133and decorated it with the ornament of "That is the bounty of Allah, which He giveth unto whom He will".134 All the people who are Allah's trusts, being in the security of Peace from the hardships and misfortunes of the age, are busy in discharging the obligations of obedience and worship of the Almighty under our benevolent Protection, we deem it our duty to render thanks and express gratitude for this great favour. In accordance with "Proceed whither you wish, you are victorious," in whatever direction we Proceed fortune and felicity come forward to greet us and whither we turn the reign of our resolution the success and victory hasten to our Presence. In conformity with the happy injunction – "This is of the grace of my Lord that He may try me whether I am grateful or ungrateful"135 - we spend our precious time to the best of our ability in war (ghiza) and Jihad and with the help of Eternal Allah, who is the supporter of our ever-increasing empire, we are busy in subjugating the localities, habitations, forts and towns which are under the possession of the infidels, may Allah forsake and annihilate all of them, and thus raising the standard of Islam everywhere and removing the darkness of polytheism and violent sins by the use of sword. We destroy the places of worship of idols in those places and other parts of India. "The praise be to Allah, who hath guided us to this, and we would not have found the way had it not been that Allah had guided us."136
'The purport of the discourse is that during these victorious times, after the elimination of Ali Quli and (his) ungrateful faction we arrived at the Capital Agra like "the noble, victorious",137 and with a view to augment the materials of our recreation of hunting of elephants we encamped in the confines of Sivi Supar and Gagrun which are on the border of the country of Chitor. There it was brought to our notice that Rana Udai Singh, may Allah annihilate him, from whom it was expected that he would come forward to welcome, pay respects and kiss the royal threshold or would send his son with Peshkash, has adopted, due to excessive pride and conceit, an obstinate and arrogant attitude. (He) is collecting provisions in the fort of Chitor which is his hereditary place of residence and is distinguished in the forts of India in strength and grandeur, with the intention of entrenching himself there. Since the thoughts of war (ghiza) and Jihad dominated the enlightened mind, it (Rana's behaviour) made the King angry and increased (his) zeal for the divine religion. Despite the fact that most of the royal troops had returned to their Jagirs after the last victory and only a few, who happened to be present at the Capital, accompanied the royal cavalcade on this hunting (excursion), we turned our rein to suppress that infidel. Fearful of the approach of the imperial standards he left his uncle, Sahidas Jaimal and Udiban Patta who are renowned for their valour among the infidels, may Allah forsake them and lead them to the abode of perdition, and who are considered to be equal to a thousand horsemen in intrepidity and prowess, with five thousand chosen Rajputs, one thousand troops from his (Rana's) own contingent and ten thousand other men to guard the fort. (The Rana) himself hastened with his troops to Udaipur and Kombalmir which are located in the security of the mountains and jungles. When at the town of Rampur, which is one of the well-known towns attached to Chitor, it became known that he was entertaining such plans, the royal mind decided upon subjugating the fort (of Chitor) with the divine help and only then to take other steps that may appear feasible. In this way we arrived in front of the fort with the intention of besieging it on Thursday, 20 Rabi II/Oct. 24, 1567. A fort rose in view such as Alburz with all its majesty would appear an insignificant rock at its foot and Tur and Hindukush would fit as walls in its rampart. Its canopy vies with the Crystalline sphere in its height. Its circumference is about three farsangs and the calculators are unable to count its battlements.
'Though the siege of the fort looked impossible, but by the grace of Almighty and with the secret help of the accomplished people, any direction that we have taken we have achieved there what we have wished; the very same day we inspected the surroundings of the fort carefully, and entrusted each place to one of the courageous servants (Khans, Sultans and Amirs) of the exalted court who were present. The mountain traversing warriors, who brave the fields of battle and seek Jihad with all their heart and soul and consider martyrdom to be the greatest reward in this as well as the other world, sought permission to take themselves to the towers and fortifications and putting their trust in Allah and relying on the divine help, which is the source of strength to the imperial authority, carry out brave assaults and bring the fort under control by force. Since those ignoble people had collected such large quantities of weapons for defending the fort like mortars (deg), zarbzan, cannon (top), matchlock (tufang), catapult (manjaniq), jarr-i saqil, naphtha (naft) and nawak that would last for thirty years even if continuously used, and since they had great confidence in these weapons and in the strength of the fort as well as their own prowess, we did not let them (the royal officers) fight with a view to protecting the people of Islam, may Allah preserve them till the day of resurrection, lest some of them may get killed in rashness. (We) sent for the dragon-like rads (cannon), mortars and other pieces of artillery which were left at the capital. We also ordered the manufacture of cannon and mountain-breaking mortars in the camp and decided that tunnels be dug and after the arrival of battering ram (sarkob) and sabat (covered passage) an attack be launched. We appointed some troops of the left wing to sack, kill and (take) captives the people of Udaipur, and the troops and men of Rana who were there while he himself was perched at a distance of ten Kos. We sent another army to plunder and sack Rampur. The troops returned with immense booty after despatching many of the worthless infidels to the abode of perdition. After the arrival of the artillery (topkhana), completion of the covered passage (sabat), explosion of the mines causing conflagration and (the consequent) blowing up of the towers and battlements, we directed the troops to establish themselves at the foot of the rampart and surround the fort from every side. The doomed ones (Rajputs) being fully informed this time of the strength and prowess of the army of Islam and the asperity and haughtiness of their ruler they started imploring for intercession and respite with abject submission and some of the chiefs came out (with this petition). Notwithstanding the fact that they had caused death of many people of Islam both nobles and common soldiers, with matchlock-fire, continuous showering of stones through the manjaniq, they sued (for peace) on such impossible terms which could not be conceded. They were permitted to return. Next day we went in person to the sabat of Muhammad Qasim Khad, mir-i bahr, which was nearest to the fort and issued orders for Jang-i Sultani to be launched.
'The armies of Islam. placing their reliance in (the revelation) "Allah is sufficient for us and most excellent protector",138 fearlessly and boldly commenced the assault. Within (the fort) the vigilant bands of jew-like infidels set ablaze the fire of conflict and brawl by discharging fire-raining manjaniqs and cannon (top) one after the other. The lions of the forest of intrepidity and the panthers of the mountain of bravery, in their extreme courage stretched their coveting hands to the Sash of the Constellation Orion and with great expedition snatched the diadem from the head of Bahram.
'In conformity with the commandment, "And prepare against them what force you can,"139 the troops excelled each other and with complete unity betook themselves to the towers and the walls of the fort that were breached by the artillery fire. From that multitude, groups like the pigs bit by arrows rushed out of doors and blocked the entry of the combatants. In return they (the royal troops) fought back by throwing arrows and stones and scattered those retreating ones (the Rajputs). They sent a tremor through the ranks of the enemy with incessant and frightful cannonade setting fire to the harvest of their lives.
'Three days and nights passed in this manner. The two sides did not stop fighting even for a moment. All the attempts of these fox-like people at fraud and deception were frustrated by the lions of the jungle of intrepidity. At last on the night of Tuesday, 25th of Shaban, 975 A.H. (23 February 1568) in conformity with ""¦they shall not be able to ward off the fire from their faces nor from their backs, nor shall they be helped"140 the continuous rain of fiery balls and cannonade became so intense in conformity with "Nay, it shall come on them all of a sudden and cause them to be confounded"141 that those condemned ones were no longer able to resist. The call from beyond – "If ye help Allah, He will help you and will make your foothold firm"142 - was coming to the exalted hearing and every moment the Divine Inspirer made audible the good tidings: "Now surely Allah's help is nigh."143 The revengeful warriors and the brave ones skilled in the use of daggers, deadly set against the enemy and drenched in the blood, delivered concerted assault and succeeded in removing the wooden planks with which those accursed ones had blocked the breaches. Seeing this, Jaimal, one of the three chiefs, who had taken the lead in the battle and was looking after the fort from the beginning to the end advanced with a body of men to stop the breach. In the meanwhile some artillery men belonging to that wretched band fired their guns one after the other (and in their flashes) Jaimal, and those accompanying him could be seen (from afar). As for the last three days and nights we have been present there (battery of Qasim Khan) often firing with muskets and arrows and since it was destined for Jaimal that he should hasten to the lowest parts of hell at our own Allah-worshipping hands, when he came in view the matchlock (tufang) we were holding, was ready as is said, "When Allah wills any-thing, He provides its means." No sooner he was seen and the gun discharged then the worthless infidel was struck in forehead and hearing the call, "where so ever you may be, death will overtake you, even though you were in lofty towers,"144 proceeded to the abode of perdition. This caused great consternation among the high and low of that cattle-like community. (Subsequently) the other chiefs continued to resist but they could not repulse the brave from the openings. At the dawn, the excellent archers whose skill is such that they could pierce the eye of an ant at dark night and the lancers who could pick up the crumbs of the breach from the ground, putting the elephants in front delivered another assault. (They) forced their entry into the fort through sheer bravery and prowess and started discharging arrows and fighting with lances.
'The hand of destiny had covered the deceitful eyes of that erroneous, arrogant and scanty host with the nocturnal blindness of ill-luck "And they thought that there would be no affliction and so they became blind and deaf"145 and had blocked upon them the way of success and escape in accordance with "They could neither go forward nor turn back."146The people of Islam were busy praying: "Our lord! bestow on us endurance, make our foothold sure, and give us help against the disbelieving folk,"147 and the refreshing message - "Help from Allah and present Victory. Give good tidings to believers"148 - was coming to them from heaven. They advanced in groups against the wicked unbelievers to get hold of the opening. (They) stood in the foremost rank without flinching and got an upper hand. They felled them (the Rajputs) one upon the other with the strokes of (their) blood-thirsty sword, leaving all around heaps of the slain. Pursuing the remnant who were fleeing in different directions – "As they were frightened asses, fleeing from the lion"149 - despatched them to the lowest part of the hell - when the star of success and good fortune rose from the horizon of the sublime message, "Victory comes only by the help of Allah, the Mighty, the Wise"150 the whole victorious troop entered the fort. In accordance with the imperative Command "And kill the idolators all together,"151 those defiant ones who were still offering resistance having formed themselves into knots of two to three hundred persons, were put to death and their women and children taken prisoners. According to the promise, "Allah promised you many acquisitions which you will take,"152 immense booty and spoils in cash and kind were acquired. "So the roots of the people who were unjust were cut off, and all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds."153
'The receptacle of nobility, the support of kingdom, the pillar of the mighty state, the prop of the magnificent empire, the confidant of the resplendent Khilafat, the foremost among the great Khans of the age, the climber of the ladder of authority and dignity, the devoted and sincere and the well-wishing one, the intrepid cavalier, the adorner of the ranks in the field of valour and bravery, Mubarizuddin Mir Mohammad Khan Bahadur, and the receptacle of nobility, the support of kingdom, the pillar of the mighty state, the prop of the magnificent empire, the best among the sinceres of the age, worthy of confidence and favour, the rider of the field of battle and valour, Qutbuddin Mohammad Khan Bahadur and the rest of the great Khans and noble Sultans alongwith the Saiyids, Ulama, Mashaikh, the Ghazis of Shariat and other dignitaries, residents, inhabitants, Chaudhris, Qanoongos, the ri'aya and peasants (muzari'an) of Sarkar Punjab respectively, being jubilant at the happy tidings carried by this auspicious Fathnama, which is, in fact, a foretaste of the victories to follow, should offer infinite thanksgivings. They should also pray in the auspicious moments, when the prayers are more likely to be granted, for the long life of our noble self, the perpetuity of the empire and for the grant of greater competence to us for fulfilling obligation of Jihad, divine worship and acts of piety. Further they should continuously be expecting that day after day doors of fresh victories and successes will be opened before us.
'Whereas after the management of the affairs of Chitor we have turned the reins of our determination towards the capital Agra,
The horse beneath the thigh and overhead canopy of victory, The victory and success keeping company and divine help guiding the way.
'Allah willing within these few day we will reach the seat of the Khilafat. The pillar of the state knowing that our thoughts are directed towards the management of his affairs and the fulfilment of the hopes and aspirations of all the well-wishers may send regular reports about the development (in his region). Any request that he might like to make should be communicated (to the court) so that it may be granted. Written by the royal order (to be obeyed permanently) at Ajmer on 10th of the month of Ramzan 975 A.H., 9 March 1568."
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That concludes Akbar the Great emperor ensuring a massacre of 25,000 civilians trapped inside a fort that he had already won.
Habitual of measuring his success by weighing the Janeu (sacred thread) collected from the fallen soldiers and civilians, Akbar's latest success in Chittor (as Abu Fazl records) amounted to seventy four and half manns (a unit of weight in India equalling 40 kg) by weight. To eternalize the memory of this deed the number 74.5 is accursed and marked on a banker's letter in Rajasthan it is the strongest of seals, for "the sin of the sack of Chittor" is invoked on him who violates a letter under the safeguard of this mysterious number.
2. Rodolfo Acquaviva, Jesuit ambassador to Akbar's court writes that Akbar would sometimes drink so much that he would fall asleep talking to guests. He used to drink Taadi sometimes and Post other times. At times he used to behaving almost insanely when drunk beyond limit. (Akbar gave a Russian family to this Jesuit as parting gift, indicating that he kept slaves of multiple nationalities.)
Abu Fazl narrates a party's incident where a drunk Akbar had almost killed himself trying a trick with his sword, if Man Singh hadn't saved him :
"Akbar, to the horror of those present, prepared to hurl himself on the blade of his sword, which he had fixed to the wall. Man Singh kicked it anyway in the nick of time and in so doing cut the emperor's hand. Akbar in a rage knocked his rescuer down and only with difficulty was prevented (by Saiyad Muzaffar) from strangling him."
3. Abu Fazl describes Akbar's harem as having 5,000 women, apart from 36 wives. Other than this harem, there were other jewels :
"Close to home of Shahanshah Akbar, a bar has been set up. So many prostitutes aggregated there that it became difficult to keep a count. Courtiers used to take the dancers home. But if someone wanted to take home a virgin, he had to take permission from Akbar. Sometimes violence would happen among youth. Once Akbar himself called several prostitutes and asked who broke their virginity."
One might want to ponder on who these women were, since muslim women were supposed to be behind the veil.
Anyway, further on the rules of enjoyment Abu Fazl writes in Akbarnama :
"Whenever a Beghum, or wives of courtiers or virgins wanted to be enjoyed, they were supposed to send an application to Harem in-charge. Then their application would reach the palace authorities. After that they were allowed to enter and stay in Harem for up to even one month."
The first condition in treaty of Ranathambhor was that Rajputs should dispatch Dolis of women to Royal Harem
4. After killing Hemu, his head was sent to Kabul and the head less body was hanged at the gate of Delhi to display the Emperor's kindness. Akbar had a pillar of cut heads raised to celebrate this victory at Delhi.
5. Akbar's ways of punishment/killing were equally innovative :
Muhammad Mirak was executed after an ordeal of 5 days. In these 5 days an elephant would keep picking up Mirak in his trunk and throw him away ... again and again.
Humzaban's tongue was cut-off.
Muzaffar Shah was trampled by an elephant.
Masud Hussain Mirza's eyes were sewed close.
Mirza's 300 supporters were brought in front of him after putting hides of donkeys, sheep and dogs over their faces and then butchered.
6. On 2nd September, 1573, the pious Emepror again had a pillar of more than 2000 cut-heads erected in Ahmedabad.
7. After defeating Dawud Khan of Bengal, 8 tall pillars of cut heads were raised. When Dawud Khan in dying stage asked for water, he was given water in shoes.
8. During his visit at Thaneshwar, a dispute was brought to the Emeperor's notice. It was for ownership of the place of worship between two sects Kuru and Puri. Akbar ordered that they should fight and the victorious shall have the claim.
Men of both sects fought with weapons to kill each other. When one group starts dominating, Akbar would order his soldiers to join ranks with the other. Eventually both the groups were killed to the last man. Akbar then had a great laugh.
9. According to Todd after winning Chittor, secular Akbar had the idol of Ekalinga Temple destroyed and put a platform to offer Namaz.
10. One day the kind Emperor woke from his sleep in afternoon and found a guard sleeping near his bed. For such heinous crime, he had the guard thrown away from top of a tower.
11. The man was obsessed with the idea of having himself proclaimed as a prophet. By rule all his Kafir courtiers had to drink the water used to clean his feet (holy Charnamrit to say so). That he thought of himself as larger than life, is clear from his Din-e-Ilahi religion.
12. There is no evidence of any abolishment of Jiziya by Akbar, with one exception of Ranthambhore; from where he got women for his harem as part of a treaty.
Other than this, only few stray incidents of minor concessions in Jiziya exist.
13. Kandahar, Akbar had converted a large number of people into slaves because they opposed some new policies in 1581-82.
Later horses were bought by selling these slaves.
There it is. Akbar the Great, so much better than other Kings.
Regards,
Virendra